Ferrets and Swine Flu (H1N1 influenza virus) Infection

CASE SUMMARY

On October 5, 2009, a client brougth a ferret to a Portland, Oregon veterinary hospital. The ferret has been exhibiting weakness followed by sneezing, coughing and elevated body temperature. Because the client and her children previously had symptoms compatible with influenza, the attending veterinarian consulted with the Oregon State Public Health Veterinarian, and both agreed to test the ferret's nasal secretions for influenza. On October 8, 2009 the Oregon State University's Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory presumptely diagnosed pandemiac influenza H1N1 using a PCR test on the nasal secretions of the ferret. On October 9, 2009 the diagnosis of pandemic influenza H1N1 was confirmed at the National Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. The ferret is recovering from this condition.

TRANSMISSION

Ferres owners should be cautious as we enterthis year's flu season. Ferrets are generally suceptible to influenza A viruses under which H1N1 is classified. In this case, it is believed that the owners transmitted the virus to the ferret. Up to today, there is not evidence that a ferret can transmit the disease to humans.

SIGNS

If your ferret start to exhibit signs of a respiratory illness or lethargy, the animal should be examined by a veterinarian. Because of the immunosuppressive effects of influenza, bacterial infections may be of concern. If discharge from the nose or eyes becomes discolored (yellow or green), or if your ferret is coughing, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

TREATMENT

As with people, treatment is supportive, which means treating the signs and letting the virus runs its course. Once a diagnosis is made, your veterinarian may be able to suggest medications to make your ferret more comfortable. You must also ensure that your ferret remains hydrated. If your ferret is very lethargic and not eating or drinking, treatment with fluids and /or force feeding may be necessary.

A NOTE ON DOGS AND CATS

Neither dogs or cats are considered to be suceptible to swine flu (H1N1 influenza virus). Canine influenza, which is a different influenza strain (H3N8) is not known to be transmissible to humans. Other animals as pigs and birds are suceptible to H1N1 influenza virus.

PREVENTION

Standard techniques to prevent the spread of influenza are recommended. These include hand-washing and using alcohol-based hand cleaners, covering your mouth and nose with a tissue when you sneeze, and avoiding touching your yes, nose and mouth. Try to avoid close contact with sick people and stay home from work or school if you are sick.

VACCINES

Until this moment, there is not a vaccine available for domestic animals, such as ferrets, pigs and birds.

TESTING

The Oregon State Univeristy Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory is able to test nasal secretions of ferrets, pet pigs and birds as requested. testing should be done in animals whose owners have had influenza-like illness prior the illness of their pet(s). Your pet should also exhibit signs of fever, cough and nasal discharge before considering doing the test.

Sources: American Association of Swine Veterinarians, news reports, and the Oregon State Public Health Veterinarian.